Collating Historic Weather Observations for the East Asian Region:Challenges,Solutions,and Reanalyses     

Fiona WILLIAMSON  Rob ALLAN  Guoyu REN  Tsz-cheung LEE  Wing-hong LUI  Hisayuki KUBOTA  Jun MATSUMOTO  Jürg LUTERBACHER  Clive WILKINSON  Kevin WOOD 《大气科学进展》2018,35(8):899-904

正1.Introduction Historic instrumental weather observations,made on land or at sea from as early as the 17th century(e.g.,Camuffo et al.,2010),are integral to extending our understanding of the decadal and centennial variations of Earth’s climate and for comparison with paleo-proxy data.The potential of such data is shown to best effect when used in dynamical 4D global  相似文献   

Contested geographical imaginings of reunification: A case study of urban change in Leipzig     

Fiona M. Smith 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1997,17(4):355-369

Geopolitics and city restructuring are typically regarded as separate scales and processes: the international and national versus the local. The local politics of urban change in an east German city in the period after reunification question this divide. The ‘pathways’ approach to post-socialist transitions is utilized to illustrate how reunification is contested as much in neighbourhood restructuring and actions in response to incoming capital and the dominance of western legalpolitical norms as it is in national or international discourses and practices. Assumed divisions between East and West, professional and lay, and local and national are questioned.  相似文献   

A model of the 2–4Μm spectrum of Comet Halley     

D. T. Wickramasinghe  F. Hoyle  N. C. Wickramasinghe  S. Al-Mufti 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1986,36(3):295-299

Recent observations of Halley's Comet show a broad absorption band centred at 3.4 m and which can be explained on the basis of a bacterial grain model.  相似文献   

Dry polysaccharides and the infrared spectrum of OH 26.5+0.6     

F. Hoyle  N. C. Wickramasinghe 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1980,72(1):247-249

The spectrum of the infrared source OH 26.5+0.6 over the waveband 2–40 m is interpreted on the basis of a model involving emission and absorption of radiation by anhydrous cellulose grains.  相似文献   

Spawning patterns of four species of predominantly temperate pelagic fishes in the sub-tropical waters of southern Queensland     

T. M. Ward  J. Staunton-Smith  S. Hoyle  I. A. Halliday 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,56(5-6):1125-1140

The diverse pelagic fish assemblage of sub-tropical southern Queensland includes fishes with predominantly temperate distributions, such as tailor Pomatomus saltatrix, sardine Sardinops sagax, round herring Etrumeus teres, and Australian anchovy Engraulis australis. The peak spawning seasons of P. saltatrix, S. sagax and E. teres occur during late winter and early spring (June–October). Eggs and larvae of these three species are widely distributed in shelf waters and comprise >50% of the ichthyoplankton assemblage during this period. Mean monthly sea surface temperatures (SSTs) during late winter and early spring range from 21 to 23 °C, and are thus similar to those recorded in southern Australia during summer and autumn, which is the spawning season of these three species in those temperate waters. E. australis eggs occur mainly in inshore waters, and comprise >50% of fish eggs collected during summer and autumn when mean monthly SSTs in southern Queensland exceed 27 °C. E. australis also spawns mainly during summer and autumn in temperate Australia. Hence, water temperature may be less important as a determinant of the spawning season of E. australis than it is for the other three species. The suitability of southern Queensland for spawning by predominantly temperate species during late winter and early spring may contribute to the high diversity of the region's pelagic fish assemblage. Adult P. saltatrix, S. sagax and E. teres appear to migrate northwards into southern Queensland during early winter to spawn, and larvae may be transported southwards into temperate waters by the East Australian Current. This dispersal-migration pattern is similar to those observed for several species, including P. saltatrix, in the western boundary current systems off the east coasts of North America and Africa. Hence, pelagic fishes in ecosystems off the east coast of three continents migrate into sub-tropical waters to spawn, and larvae are transported back into temperate nursery areas by the prevailing current.  相似文献   

Back-scattering of sunlight by ice grains in the mesosphere     

F. Hoyle  N. C. Wickramasinghe 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1991,52(2):161-170

Small dielectric ice particles of radius ~0.25 m, which are known to be present in the mesophere, scatter a fraction of incident sunlight in backward directions that do not reach the Earth. This back-scattered fraction is rigorously calculated using Mie theory for a uniform distribution of particles distributed over a sunlit hemisphere. Such calculations provide necessary information for estimating equilibrium surface temperatures of the Earth under different conditions.  相似文献   

Aromatic hydrocarbons in very small interstellar grains     

N. C. Wickramasinghe  F. Hoyle  T. Al-Jubory 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1989,158(1):135-140

We show that the recently observed 3.3 m emission feature in the diffuse radiation from the galactic disk might be due to an ensemble of aromatic molecules distributed within very small interstellar grains. The same particles also provide an explanation of the 2200 Å interstellar absorption feature.  相似文献   

Mineral and organic particles in astronomy     

N. C. Wickramasinghe  F. Hoyle  Q. Majeed 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1989,158(2):335-346

A mixture of inorganic mineral grains comprised mainly of silica with linked SiO₄ tetrahedra together with organic grains characterised by the spectrum of an average bacterium provides excellent agreement with astronomical data relating to broad 10 and 20m emission and absorption features. Mineral clay-like particles of radii 0.01 m are most likely to condense in the atmospheres of Mira-type stars and be expelled by radiation pressure into interstellar space. These particles would tend to stick onto the surfaces of bacterial grains in conditions of high density associated with regions of star formation.  相似文献   

Impact history of the Apollo 17 landing site revealed by U‐Pb SIMS ages          下载免费PDF全文

Fiona Thiessen  Alexander A. Nemchin  Joshua F. Snape  Martin J. Whitehouse  Jeremy J. Bellucci 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2017,52(4):584-611

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U‐Pb ages of Ca‐phosphates from four texturally distinct breccia samples (72255, 76055, 76015, 76215) collected at the Apollo 17 landing site were obtained in an attempt to identify whether they represent a single or several impact event(s). The determined ages, combined with inferences from petrologic relationships, may indicate two or possibly three different impact events at 3920 ± 3 Ma, 3922 ± 5 Ma, and 3930 ± 5 Ma (all errors 2σ). Searching for possible sources of the breccias by calculating the continuous ejecta radii of impact basins and large craters as well as their expected ejecta thicknesses, we conclude that Nectaris, Crisium, Serenitatis, and Imbrium are likely candidates. If the previous interpretation that the micropoikilitic breccias collected at the North Massif represent Serenitatis ejecta is correct, then the average ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 3930 ± 5 Ma (2σ) dates the formation of the Serenitatis basin. The occurrence of zircon in the breccias sampled at the South Massif, which contain Ca‐phosphates yielding an age of 3922 ± 5 Ma (2σ), may indicate that the breccia originated from within the Procellarum KREEP terrane (PKT) and the Imbrium basin appears to be the only basin that could have sourced them. However, this interpretation implies that all basins suggested to fall stratigraphically between Serenitatis and Imbrium formed within a short (<11 Ma) time interval, highlighting serious contradictions between global stratigraphic constraints, sample interpretation, and chronological data. Alternatively, the slightly older age of the two micropoikilitic breccias may be a result of incomplete resetting of the U‐Pb system preserved in some phosphate grains. Based on the currently available data set this possibility cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

Magnetic characterisation and correlation of a Younger Dryas tephra in North Atlantic marine sediments     

Clare Peters  William E. N. Austin  John Walden  Fiona D. Hibbert 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(3):339-347

A technique for identifying non‐visible basaltic tephra‐rich horizons of Younger Dryas (YD)/Greenland Stadial (GS) 1 age in northeast Atlantic sediments using rapid, non‐destructive magnetic measurements is presented. Three high‐resolution marine sediment cores have been studied in an E–W transect across the Hebridean margin: St Kilda Basin (MD95‐2007), Barra Fan (MD95‐2006) and Rockall Trough (MD04‐2822). Magnetic susceptibilities and remanent magnetisations were measured at contiguous 1 cm resolution on bulk sediments. In all three cores, an interval with higher proportions of hard magnetic minerals coincides with a clearly defined peak in basaltic tephra shard (>250 µm) counts, which can be constrained to the early part of the YD/GS1 based on faunal climate proxies. Electron microprobe analyses of the magnetically distinct basaltic tephra interval, in all three cores, displays the same major element geochemistry as published for the Vedde basaltic (I Tab. 1), i.e. sourced from the Icelandic volcano Katla. The identification of transitional alkalic basaltic tephras within marine sediments could potentially be facilitated by magnetic analysis as a useful chronostratigraphic screening tool. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献